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Improvements in weight, aero-dynamics and brake distribution led to a lap time reduction ranging from 0.19 to 0.50 seconds Polestar Racing has been using modeFRONTIER in different steps of the development of the “Polestar Performance” concept. The software is used both as a tool for driving the aerodynamics, multibody and structural analysis process, and to improve the real lap time simulation. In 2012 Touring Car Team Association (TTA) championship, Polestar Racing won the first prize for the Drivers, Teams and Manufacturers categories with their innovative car design. ## Challenge The 2012 season of the Racing Elite League run by TTA introduced new rules leaving little room for engineering design changes. Therefore, the Polestar Racing vehicle model had to be modified without considering the chassis design parameters, which were previously the core of the optimization analysis. Design simulation acquired an even greater importance as the best combination of the Front-to-Rear weight, aerodynamics and brake distribution in less time (track testing was limited to three days) became the new target. ## Solution The simulation tools used - Adams.Car by MSC Software and the Lap Time Simulation (LTS) in-house code - were easily integrated into the modeFRONTIER optimization workflow, to optimally tune the Front-toRear weight distribution parameters. “Considering the limited amount of time we have had for testing in this championship” – says Per Blomberg, Manager of Chassis Development – “this kind of interrelated parameters study would not have been possible without the capability of modeFRONTIER to extend the simulation analysis ”. Improvements in weight, aerodynamics and brake distribution led to a lap time reduction ranging from 0.19 to 0.50 seconds. ## Benefits In only a few hours of simulation time modeFRONTIER piloted the evaluation of parameter combinations that might have never been tested, leading to enhanced configurations. The optimization framework initially set up for the TTA championship can be promptly adapted to the typical circuits of the STCC championship. Repeating the study considering different conditions is now “something that we can do even overnight on a weekend race , once we have completed the trial session and gathered some data about the track model”. Similarly, it is rather easy to run a new optimization cycle even with modified conditions, such as the driver, tires, and so forth: once the relevant parameters in the LTS vehicle model (e.g. engine or track model) are set, modeFRONTIER performs a robust sensitivity verification of the output (lap time) in relation to different vehicle parameters.

Bombardier reduces aerodynamic drag by 20% and saves about the 10% of energy consumption with modeFRONTIER “Rail transportation is a concrete eco-friendly solution for sustainable mobility. Therefore, if we decrease the aerodynamic resistance of our trains, we can increase energy efficiency and further reduce CO2 emissions”, says Alexander Orellano, Head of Aerodynamics at Bombardier, world leader company in aerospace and rail transportation. ## Challenge Reducing energy consumption implies optimizing the aerodynamic shape of a vehicle, thus inevitably facing two main opposing factors: the best models for drag do not have a good crosswind stability, and viceversa. In addition, high passenger capacity conflicts with optimal aerodynamic shape and elegancy and functionality not always go hand in hand. These are some of the reasons that made Bombardier choose modeFRONTIER, the multi-objective, multi-disciplinary optimization platform, for their award-winning ZEFIRO 380 train design. ## Solution “The application of the multi-objective optimization method to Bombardier high-speed trains leads to a highly competitive product, entailing both to energy efficiency and cost reduction, due to a lower traction power dimensioning”, declared Mr. Orellano. The goal was to find a Pareto-optimal, or trade-off, design which would simultaneously give low drag and good cross-wind stability characteristics. The solution was obtained using modeFRONTIER, not only to integrate the various CAE tools in use at Bombardier, but also to drive the geometry modification and simulation process providing the necessary graphical tools for the statistical interpretation of results. modeFRONTIER, de-veloped by ESTECO, uses genetic algorithms to determine Pareto optimal solutions, combining 3D models and simulations of aerodynamic drag and crosswind stability. Bombardier experts considered as many as sixty different design parameters in the modeling phase, taking into account the train’s outer shell, cab, crash structure and ergonomic constraints. ## Benefits The company was therefore able to reduce the aerodynamic resistance by 20%, obtaining a decrease of energy consumption of about 10%. By using modeFRONTIER, Bombardier engineers were able to choose from a selection of designs in order to suit particular styling preferences, but secure in the knowledge that each complies with the principles of optimized energy performance and maximum stability and safety.